Under normal conditions, ice does not exhibit piezoelectric properties, since its crystalline structure with randomly oriented dipoles does not create a net electrical effect under uniform pressure or compression. However, when bent or unevenly deformed, the situation changes.<\/p>\n
Scientists placed a sample of ice between two electrodes and controlled bending it, simultaneously recording the resulting electrical charge. The experiments showed a stable electrical response from negative temperatures up to the melting point.<\/p>\n
At temperatures below -113 \u00b0C, a thin layer with ferroelectric properties was formed on the surface of the sample: its polarization could change under the influence of an external electric field, similar to how magnetic poles change.<\/p>\n
Thus, ice combines two types of behavior – flexoelectricity at “warm” negative temperatures and ferroelectricity on the surface at deep minuses. This brings it closer to functional materials used in the production of sensors and capacitors.<\/p>\n
In addition to theoretical interest, the discovery helps to better understand natural phenomena – for example, cloud charging and lightning formation: collisions and bending of ice particles in thunderstorms can lead to the accumulation of electricity.<\/p>\n
Prospects for application include the development of sensors and devices for operation in extremely cold conditions, where ice is able to convert mechanical stress into electrical signals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Under normal conditions, ice does not exhibit piezoelectric properties, since its crystalline structure with randomly oriented dipoles does not create a net electrical effect under uniform pressure or compression. However,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":82,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/solitcensu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/solitcensu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/solitcensu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/solitcensu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/solitcensu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=95"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/solitcensu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":96,"href":"https:\/\/solitcensu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95\/revisions\/96"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/solitcensu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/82"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/solitcensu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=95"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/solitcensu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=95"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/solitcensu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=95"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}